๐Reading Passageโ The Quick-Change Artists of Whyalla Bay
Each winter, the cool waters off a quiet stretch of South Australian coast fill with one of the ocean's strangest performers: the giant cuttlefish. Though it is often mistaken for a squid, the cuttlefish is a master of disguise unlike any other animal in these waters, and divers who travel from across the country to watch it never forget the spectacle.
The secret lies in the cuttlefish's skin. Just beneath the surface sit millions of tiny sacs of colour called chromatophores. By squeezing or relaxing the muscles around each sac, the animal can flash from a sandy brown to a deep, rippling crimson in less than a second. Beneath these sit reflecting cells that scatter light, allowing the cuttlefish to mimic the silvery shimmer of the seabed or the dull green of swaying weed. The effect is so convincing that a curious diver can swim within an arm's length of one and fail to recognise it at all.
What makes this talent more remarkable is that the giant cuttlefish is, as far as scientists can tell, colourblind. It cannot perceive the very hues it produces. Instead, researchers believe it reads the brightness and texture of its surroundings and matches them with astonishing accuracy, as though painting by feel rather than by sight.
The displays are not only for hiding. During the breeding season, males put on dazzling shows, sending waves of colour pulsing along their bodies to impress a watching female or warn off a rival. A smaller male, unable to win such a contest by size alone, may disguise his colours to resemble a female and slip quietly past his larger competitors โ a clever trick that often succeeds.
After this brief, brilliant gathering, the cuttlefish drift away into deeper water, and the bay grows still once more. They live only a year or two, yet in that short span they have favoured these shallows with a performance found almost nowhere else on Earth. For the scientists and photographers who return each winter, the lesson is plain: some of nature's greatest wonders are not the largest or the loudest, but the ones quick enough, and clever enough, to vanish before your eyes.
According to the passage, what are the tiny sacs of colour beneath the cuttlefish's skin called?